{"id":74383,"date":"2026-07-29T08:13:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T12:13:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=74383"},"modified":"2026-07-29T08:13:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T12:13:29","slug":"kwan-psychedelics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/kwan-psychedelics\/","title":{"rendered":"Alum Is a Pioneer in Research on Psychedelics and the Brain"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">As hallucinogens gain acceptance as psychiatric treatments, Cornell engineering prof Alex Kwan, PhD \u201909, is studying how they work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Editor\u2019s note: This story was adapted from <\/em><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.cornell.edu\/stories\/2026\/07\/deep-connections-drive-psychedelic-research\"><em>a feature<\/em><\/a><em> in the<\/em> Cornell Chronicle. <em>A 2024 <\/em>Cornellians <em>story about Kwan&#8217;s collaboration with a fellow alum whose artwork addresses psychedelic themes <a href=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/ambrosi-digital-artist\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">can be found here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By <strong>David Nutt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Astronomers rarely attempt space travel. Marine biologists are not necessarily certified SCUBA divers. Yet <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.duffield.cornell.edu\/people\/alex-kwan\/\">Alex Kwan, PhD \u201909<\/a>, is often asked if he takes psychedelic drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere is a sector of people who feel strongly that, as a researcher in this topic, you should have the subjective experience and try some of the compounds,\u201d says Kwan, a professor of biomedical engineering in the Duffield College and a driving force in Cornell\u2019s growing multidisciplinary investigation into the relationship between psychedelics and the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere are other people who think that could cloud your judgment. So there are arguments on both sides. But it\u2019s not something I\u2019ve tried myself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From Timothy Leary\u2019s provocative experiments with LSD to the CIA\u2019s infamous MKUltra program, the early attempts to research psychedelic drugs were not exactly models of scientific rigor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignwide is-style-solid-color\"><blockquote><p>From Timothy Leary\u2019s provocative experiments with LSD to the CIA\u2019s infamous MKUltra program, the early attempts to research psychedelic drugs were not exactly models of scientific rigor.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>But as hallucinogens gain more support from the medical community as a potential treatment for severe depression and post-traumatic stress disorder\u2014and with the U.S. government relaxing its regulatory constraints\u2014there remains a vast gap in understanding how the drugs work on the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years, Kwan and other Big Red researchers have made crucial discoveries about the basic neurobiology and mechanics behind psychedelic compounds such as psilocybin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They\u2019ve shown how psychedelics rewire the brain\u2019s neural pathways and affect its blood flow and how the compounds influence animal behavior, and have developed minimally invasive electrodes that record long-term changes in neural activity in mice\u2014and potentially humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignwide is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Video: Deep connections drive psychedelic research\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kYDD-J-fSvg?start=3&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a lot of excitement about using psychedelics in our society, but our actual understanding of the drug remains quite poor,\u201d Kwan says. \u201cThe promise is so great, but the thing that I strive for, and what Cornell can contribute, is the basic understanding of the science. We need to fill in the rigor that should be there to balance the promise and the excitement.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Psychedelic science on the Hill, like the brain itself, depends on a network of deep connections\u2014and the linkage between most of these collaborations is Kwan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat I see in Alex\u2019s work, which is really the linchpin that all the rest of us are building on,\u201d says <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.duffield.cornell.edu\/people\/chris-schaffer\/\">Chris Schaffer<\/a>, the Meinig Family Professor of Engineering, \u201cis this commitment to slow, methodical, careful, mechanistically oriented experiments and projects that help us really understand what these drugs are doing on a molecular, cellular, neural systems basis.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The promise is so great, but the thing that I strive for, and what Cornell can contribute, is the basic understanding of the science.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Since Kwan joined the faculty in 2022, <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/alexkwanlab.org\/\">his lab<\/a> has found that a single dose of psilocybin increased the number of neuronal connections in a mouse brain by about 10%; identified key components of the neural circuit that mediates the long-term effects of psilocybin; and shown how psilocybin weakens the feedback loops that lock people into negative thinking while enhancing sensory-motor responses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe have been working hard to figure out what are the different cell types and different circuits involved,\u201d Kwan says. \u201cWe want to have a brain-wide view of what psychedelics do. And how do we harness the insights to develop better treatment?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But navigating the policy challenges for studying these drugs has been difficult.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1970, psychedelics were designated a Schedule I controlled substance, which meant there were a raft of regulatory hurdles and the federal government would only fund research that studied the drugs\u2019 harmful effects, despite recent clinical trials showing that the drugs have beneficial effects for treating psychiatric disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>We want to have a brain-wide view of what psychedelics do. And how do we harness the insights to develop better treatment?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Then in April 2026, the Trump Administration issued an executive order to consider reclassifying psychedelics\u2014a huge positive impact for the science, according to Schaffer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt makes it easier for researchers to get access to them, because it\u2019s this lower-tier license,\u201d says Schaffer, who is also Cornell\u2019s <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/news.cornell.edu\/stories\/2026\/06\/schaffer-elected-dean-faculty\">dean of faculty<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt makes it easier for manufacturers to produce these drugs to be sold in the research market. And it opens the door for the National Institutes of Health or other federal funding agencies to issue calls for proposals or fund grants that are looking for medicinal or other kind of positive benefits of these drugs.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kwan first became interested in psychedelics about 12 years ago, as a faculty member in psychiatry at Yale, studying drugs such as ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic that became a serious option for treating depression in the late 1990s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe saw an opportunity that psychedelics could become quite useful as medication,\u201d he says. \u201cA lot of people were still hesitant to study them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Prof. Alex Kwan points to a piece of artwork on a screen that resembles a biological microscope image, in white, blue, green, and yellow hues\" class=\"wp-image-74393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-608x342.jpg 608w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-304x171.jpg 304w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-152x85.jpg 152w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-1184x666.jpg 1184w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-592x333.jpg 592w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-296x166.jpg 296w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-1264x711.jpg 1264w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-632x356.jpg 632w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-316x178.jpg 316w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B-100x56.jpg 100w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/07\/2024_1315_032-B.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"rkv-image-credit\">Jason Koski \/ Cornell University<\/figcaption><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In summer 2024, Kwan collaborated with artist Daniel Ambrosi \u201980, BArch \u201982, MS \u201985, who did an on-campus residency in computer graphics. Ambrosi was working on a project that included creating AI-assisted imagery drawing on his own experiences with psychedelic substances. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s fitting that Kwan continued this research at Cornell. As he recently learned, the University had been the site of one of the earliest attempts to understand how a psychedelic interacts with the brain at a biochemical level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1967, Richard O\u2019Brien\u2014former director of Cornell\u2019s Division of Biological Sciences, who in 1964 helped create the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nbb.cornell.edu\/\">Department of Neurobiology and Behavior<\/a>\u2014published \u201cPsilocybin: Reaction with a Fraction of Rat Brain\u201d in the journal <em>Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While other early researchers were fixated on the subjective experience induced by synthetic drugs such as LSD, O\u2019Brien was prescient in his focus on the organic psilocybin\u2014the active ingredient of magic mushrooms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPutting it in historical context, that was the era of the Summer of Love in San Francisco. LSD was king,\u201d Kwan says. \u201cI don\u2019t quite know why Dick O\u2019Brien decided to go with psilocybin. It was an interesting choice.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote alignwide is-style-solid-color\"><blockquote><p>It\u2019s fitting that Kwan continued this research at Cornell; the University had been the site of one of the earliest attempts to understand how a psychedelic interacts with the brain at a biochemical level.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Much has changed since O\u2019Brien\u2019s first psilocybin study. The focus has shifted from the hallucinatory experience of psychedelics to their therapeutic effects, and the social stigma that was once attached to the drugs is much lower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But not for Kwan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFor me to study it, I had to overcome some barrier. These drugs are very much prohibited in Asia. Where I grew up, which is Hong Kong, any sort of drug is taboo,\u201d he says. \u201cThe drug laws are very strict. Your family would disown you if you have any drugs. I still myself deal with that kind of tension.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One reason psychedelic science is thriving at Cornell, according to Kwan, is the University\u2019s combined expertise in advanced engineering and a range of biological disciplines, including neurobiology and molecular biology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNowadays for biological research, it is big data, where you get massive amounts of gene expression data, massive amounts of imaging data. Cornell has been at the forefront of developing these technologies,\u201d he says. \u201cIt\u2019s really good to study this topic from different angles, from biologists to engineers and from psychologists to plant scientists.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(Top: Photo by Ryan Young \/ Cornell University.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Published July 29, 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As hallucinogens gain acceptance as psychiatric treatments, Cornell engineering prof Alex Kwan, PhD \u201909, is studying how they work<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":74394,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"As hallucinogens gain acceptance as psychiatric treatments, Cornell engineering prof Alex Kwan, PhD \u201909, is studying how they work","alumni_hub_syml_posts":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"cornell_year_post":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-74383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alumni"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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