{"id":6487,"date":"2022-09-29T08:33:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-29T12:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=6487"},"modified":"2022-09-29T12:00:20","modified_gmt":"2022-09-29T16:00:20","slug":"abcs-of-cats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/abcs-of-cats\/","title":{"rendered":"The ABCs of C-A-Ts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cornell veterinarian Bruce Kornreich, DVM \u201992, PhD \u201905, offers expert insight on all things feline<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Beth Saulnier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Dr.
With a feline friend. (Jason Koski\/Cornell University)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n

Bruce Kornreich, DVM \u201992, PhD \u201905, was eight when he \u201ctreated\u201d his first cat patient. His childhood pet, Tiger, was taken to the family vet after swallowing a needle and thread, and a young Kornreich tended to him during recovery.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kornreich<\/em><\/a> is now director of Cornell\u2019s <\/em>Feline Health Center<\/em><\/a>, an organization within the College of Veterinary Medicine that supports research, education, and outreach. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

He\u2019s also a board-certified veterinary cardiologist and a senior research associate in the Department of Clinical Sciences.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In August 2022, Netflix released the documentary <\/em>Inside the Mind of a Cat<\/a>, with Kornreich as one of the featured experts.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cornellians asked Kornreich to weigh in on the marvels and mysteries of domestic kitties\u2014a request he graciously granted, with the caveat that \u201cwe can’t get into their minds.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kornreich’s own feline companions have included a kitty named Einstein, who passed away in 2020 at the venerable age of 22.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Are we living in a golden age for cats? It seems like the last time they were so cosseted and adored was in ancient Egypt.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is true, and it’s funny\u2014a big reason people go to the Internet is to watch cat videos. There are more pet cats in the U.S. than dogs now. People spend a lot of money every year on cat food, toys, and veterinary care. I do think that cats are at a unique stage in terms of their societal appreciation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Are housecats fundamentally different from their wild relatives, like tigers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are certainly similarities, in terms of things like how they communicate; their territoriality; the fact that they stalk and capture prey; that they like to be high up, to perch. But one big difference is that cats\u2019 wild ancestors are, for the most part, solitary. So we’ve taken this animal that evolved as a solitary creature, and, over the last 9,500 years of domestication, imposed an environment where in some cases they\u2019re forced to be social with other cats\u2014and people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cats often seem standoffish; does that mean they don\u2019t like a person?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While dogs appear to enjoy prolonged close physical contact with people, cats don’t always seem to express affection in the same way\u2014but that doesn\u2019t necessarily mean they appreciate somebody any less. If a cat walks up to you and rubs their head on you\u2014we call that \u201cbunting\u201d\u2014 we believe they\u2019re depositing pheromones to mark you as \u201ctheirs\u201d and indicating that they want you to be part of their social structure. Kneading can also be a sign of affection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You\u2019ve probably seen the viral story about the cats that spent weeks trading off spots atop an <\/strong>unopened Vitamix blender box<\/strong><\/a>. What was up with that?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It may involve territoriality\u2014the cats alternating, \u201cWho’s on top, and is this mine?\u201d\u2014combined with the notion that cats seem to enjoy being elevated off the ground. In fact, some owners have been creative with putting up shelves or walkways for them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bruce
Kornreich preforms an electrocardiogram on a patient. (Cornell University)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Why do cats like being up high?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In nature, they tend to look for prey that way, and perhaps they feel safer. Cats occupy an interesting niche ecologically, because they’re predators but also prey. So some things are remnants of natural predatory behaviors, while others come from their avoidance of animals that could prey on them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Is cats\u2019 famous love of sitting in boxes related to this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps\u2014they don’t like to feel vulnerable, and maybe by getting into small spaces, they feel safe. Another potentially prey-related behavior is using the litter box: one hypothesis is that cats bury their waste so they’re not detected by predators in the wild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How are cats able to be such quiet, dainty walkers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is<\/em> amazing. They have retractable claws, and their pads provide cushioning. Evolutionarily, it likely it has to do with the fact that to be successful hunters, they need to get close to their prey and ambush it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another viral trend from a few years ago was videos of <\/strong>cats being startled by cucumbers<\/strong><\/a>. Any thoughts on why? Some speculated it had to do with a resemblance to snakes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s true that many animals, including cat species, have an innate aversion to snakes. Or maybe cucumbers just look foreign to them. It behooves wild creatures\u2014or relatively close ancestors of wild creatures\u2014to be cautious; in nature, it makes sense to avoid something you’re not quite sure of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cats occupy an interesting niche ecologically, because they’re predators but also prey.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

If a cat is scratching the furniture, is it misbehaving?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Scratching is a normal behavior; it\u2019s a way that wild cats mark territory. We have to provide cats with acceptable alternatives, like scratching posts, and it may take experimentation. Some cats like to scratch on horizontal surfaces, some prefer vertical; some like carpet, others prefer sisal, that rope-like material. You can do things like rub catnip on the scratching post and give positive reinforcement when the cat uses it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overall, how can owners of indoor cats be sure they\u2019re having good lives?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It’s incumbent upon the owner to provide the things they\u2019d get outdoors, like an opportunity to express that prey drive\u2014giving them dedicated playtime, making them chase their food [using a feeder toy, for example] rather than just putting it in a bowl, giving them places where they can climb and perch. Some owners even build a \u201ccatio,\u201d which is an enclosed outdoor space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And how do we know if a cat is really content?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since we can’t get in their mind, we surmise it based on other things. Are they interacting? Do they seek out people’s company? If a cat is physically healthy, is engaging with its environment, is curious, and partakes of the behaviors that make a cat a cat\u2014like kneading, scratching, rubbing up against you, climbing things, chasing prey\u2014then we suppose they\u2019re happy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lastly: why did you want to specialize in cats? What do you find compelling about them?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cats are such unique, amazing creatures\u2014beautiful, elegant, intelligent, curious, entertaining, and amazingly athletic. Some people feel\u2014and I guess I might agree\u2014that it can be harder to earn their love than a dog\u2019s. But that can make you feel better about yourself: like, \u201cA cat likes me; I must be okay.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top image: Illustration by Cornell University<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published March 11, 2022; updated September 29, 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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