{"id":63176,"date":"2025-12-02T14:25:15","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T19:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=63176"},"modified":"2025-12-02T14:25:15","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T19:25:15","slug":"ultrablack-shepherd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/ultrablack-shepherd\/","title":{"rendered":"Bird-of-Paradise Feathers Inspire Darkest Fabric Ever Made"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

With help from the Lab of Ornithology, a doctoral alum who\u2019s a Human Ecology prof developed a novel shade of \u2018ultrablack\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Editor\u2019s note: This story was adapted from <\/em>a feature<\/em><\/a> in the <\/em>Cornell Chronicle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Tom Fleischman<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The color \u201cultrablack\u201d\u2014defined as reflecting less than 0.5% of the light that hits it\u2014has a variety of uses, including in cameras, solar panels, and telescopes, but it\u2019s difficult to produce and can appear less black when viewed at an angle. Now, a Cornell lab led by a doctoral alum has devised a simple method for making the elusive color.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taking cues from nature\u2014in particular the striking black of the magnificent riflebird<\/a>\u2014researchers in Human Ecology\u2019s Responsive Apparel Design (RAD) Lab dyed a white merino wool knit fabric with polydopamine, followed by etching of the material in a plasma chamber to create nanofibrils\u2014spiky nanoscale growths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The
Paul Maury \/ Lab of Ornithology<\/figcaption>
The magnificent riflebird.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

These features were made to mimic the light-trapping capabilities found on the riflebird\u2019s ultrablack feathers, which absorb most of the light that hits them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers\u2019 two-step approach produced the darkest fabric currently reported; it\u2019s also easy to manufacture, scalable, wearable, and not angle-dependent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers\u2019 two-step approach produced the darkest fabric currently reported; it\u2019s also easy to manufacture, scalable, wearable, and not angle-dependent.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

They have applied for patent protection with the Cornell Center for Technology Licensing and hope to form a company around their process, which can be used on natural materials, including wool, silk, and cotton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFrom a design perspective, I think it\u2019s exciting because a lot of the ultrablack that exists isn\u2019t really as wearable as ours,\u201d says Larissa Shepherd, PhD \u201917<\/a>, assistant professor in the Department of Human Centered Design. \u201cAnd it stays ultrablack even from wider angles.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Shepherd, the RAD Lab\u2019s director, is senior author of \u201cUltrablack Wool Textiles Inspired by Hierarchical Avian Structure<\/a>,\u201d which was published in Nature Communications<\/em> in November. Shepherd\u2019s co-authors are doctoral students Hansadi Jayamaha and Kyuin Park, MS \u201923, both RAD Lab members.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Their work included analysis of feathers from the riflebird, a member of the bird-of-paradise family found in New Guinea and Australia. Shepherd and her team obtained riflebird feathers from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology<\/a> with the help of Mary Ferraro, bird collections manager, and Vanya Rohwer, curator of birds and mammals.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"Professor
Prof. Larissa Shepherd, PhD \u201917, in the lab.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The riflebird\u2019s striking black plumage comes from melanin pigment combined with tightly bunched barbules that serve to deflect light inward, absorbing nearly all of it. This renders the bird extraordinarily black, but only when viewed straight on; at an angle, its plumage appears shiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This same coloration is evident in other creatures, including fish and butterflies. Shepherd says her group\u2019s choice of polydopamine for their dye was intentional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPolydopamine is a synthetic melanin, and melanin is what these creatures have,\u201d she says. \u201cAnd the riflebird has these really interesting hierarchical structures, the barbules, along with the melanin. So we wanted to combine those aspects in a textile.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
The ultrablack dye in the RAD Lab.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

It wasn\u2019t enough to simply coat the surface of the wool: the researchers had to have the polydopamine penetrate into the fibers of the fabric, so every bit of it became black. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s because the plasma etching process removes some surface material of the outermost fibers, leaving behind spiky nanofibrils, which are a key component.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe light basically bounces back and forth between the fibrils, instead of reflecting back out,\u201d Jayamaha says. \u201cThat\u2019s what creates the ultrablack effect.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

The light basically bounces back and forth between the fibrils, instead of reflecting back out\u2014that\u2019s what creates the ultrablack effect.<\/p>\nFiber science PhD candidate Hansadi Jayamaha<\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Analysis revealed that the group\u2019s fabric had an average total reflectance of 0.13%, making it the darkest fabric yet reported. And it remained ultrablack across a 120-degree angular span, meaning it appears the same at up to a 60-degree angle from either side or straight on, superior to currently available commercial materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Park, their ultrablack fabric has potential in many solar thermal applications, converting and utilizing absorbed light into thermal energy. \u201cWe could actually use the ultrablack fabric for thermo-regulating camouflage,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ph.D.
Lab member Hansadi Jayamaha with a sample of dyed fabric.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In fall 2024, fashion design management major Zoe Alvarez \u201925 created a black strapless dress inspired by the riflebird that incorporated as its centerpiece ultrablack material with a splash of iridescent blue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Images of the dress were used to confirm ultrablack\u2019s true \u201cblackness\u201d: when the image\u2019s contrast, hue, vibrance, or brightness were adjusted, all the other colors changed, but ultrablack remained the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top: A prototype dress, incorporating the ultrablack fabric, designed by Zoe Alvarez \u201925. (All photos by Ryan Young \/ Cornell University, unless otherwise indicated.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published December 2, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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With help from the Lab of Ornithology, a doctoral alum who\u2019s a Human Ecology prof developed a novel shade of \u2018ultrablack\u2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":63174,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"alumni_hub_syml_posts":[25043,17284,41138],"footnotes":""},"categories":[227],"tags":[],"cornell_year_post":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-63176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-campus-beyond"],"yoast_head":"\nBird-of-Paradise Feathers Inspire Darkest Fabric Ever Made - Cornellians | Cornell University<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"With help from the Lab of Ornithology, a doctoral alum who\u2019s a Human Ecology prof developed a novel shade of \u2018ultrablack\u2019\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/ultrablack-shepherd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bird-of-Paradise Feathers Inspire Darkest Fabric Ever Made - 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