{"id":5371,"date":"2022-01-27T07:58:15","date_gmt":"2022-01-27T12:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=5371"},"modified":"2022-04-06T14:50:02","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T19:50:02","slug":"urban-rural-voters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/urban-rural-voters\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the Widening Chasm Between Urban and Rural Voters"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-triple has-large-font-size\">A team led by government professor Suzanne Mettler, PhD \u201994, seeks to understand the factors at play in this red-blue divide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By <strong>Beth Saulnier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-style-offset\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Professor Suzanne Mettler\" class=\"wp-image-5375 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-768x961.jpg 768w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-1228x1536.jpg 1228w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-632x790.jpg 632w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-316x395.jpg 316w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-280x350.jpg 280w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-140x175.jpg 140w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-70x87.jpg 70w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-400x500.jpg 400w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-200x250.jpg 200w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A-100x125.jpg 100w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/01\/DSC4943-Cropped-vertical-closer-2by3-A.jpg 1259w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption>Last semester, Mettler taught a course on the politics of inequality in the U.S.; this spring, she&#8217;s teaching one on democracy. <em>(Photo provided)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">For <em>nearly two years, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/government.cornell.edu\/suzanne-mettler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>government professor Suzanne Mettler, PhD \u201994,<\/em><\/a><em> and colleagues have been researching an increasingly worrisome factor in U.S. politics: the stark divide between how urban and rural residents vote, and the ways in which that may impact the democratic process<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Mettler and her five-person team\u2014comprising her co-author, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/trevorbrown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>PhD student Trevor Brown<\/em><\/a><em>, and undergraduate researchers\u2014have presented some initial findings at conferences, and in December the journal <\/em>The Forum<em> published their article, \u201cWhen Rural and Urban Become \u2018Us\u2019 versus \u2018Them\u2019: How a Growing Divide is Reshaping American Politics.\u201d They ultimately aim to synthesize their results in a book.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The John L. Senior Professor of American Institutions, Mettler has authored or co-authored several books, including 2020\u2019s<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/us.macmillan.com\/books\/9781250244420\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Four Threats<\/a><em>, which warns that factors like racism and economic inequality, which have imperiled American democracy in past eras, are currently converging. In November, Cambridge University Press published<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/democratic-resilience\/D335E1288A2018A70AF60C15B9396C7B\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Democratic Resilience<\/a><em>, a collection of essays Mettler co-edited, which explores whether the nation can withstand rising polarization.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>Has the U.S. always had an urban\/rural divide in politics?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s what&#8217;s so striking. Traditionally, we\u2019ve had two major parties, and they\u2019ve incorporated both rural and urban people; in presidential elections, both groups voted for Ronald Reagan and for Bill Clinton. But since the 1990s, we&#8217;ve developed this big divide, and it has grown dramatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>Are social media or stratified news outlets playing a role?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019re curious about that, but we haven\u2019t explored it yet. One thing I&#8217;m very interested in is the decline of local newspapers, which has been an important trend in the last couple of decades. And to the extent that has happened in rural areas, it might leave people more reliant on national news outlets and social media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p> Traditionally, we\u2019ve had two major parties, and they\u2019ve incorporated both rural and urban people. But since the 1990s, we&#8217;ve developed this big divide.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>Are there regions of the U.S. that experience this divide more acutely?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It has grown in all parts of the country. In presidential elections, as of 2020, there\u2019s about an 18-percentage-point difference between how rural and urban Southerners vote; it\u2019s about 22 points in the Midwest and 20 in the West. It&#8217;s smaller in the Northeast, but still a 15-point gap. Journalists focus on things like the gender gap, but that\u2019s very small by comparison.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>Have you gotten a sense of why this is happening?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019re still gravitating toward that big causal question\u2014but with that caveat, I can describe some things that are associated with it. For example, for decades the U.S. has experienced deindustrialization and various other changes in jobs and the economy, and rural areas have really suffered. Urban areas have adapted more effectively and created new jobs in technology, the service sector, and the knowledge economy. We think that economic deterioration has perhaps led to more resentment and grievance-style politics, but we&#8217;re still trying to understand that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>What\u2019s another potential cause?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One fascinating change is the role of higher education. In the 1980s, counties that had more college graduates tended to vote Republican, and that has totally flipped; those places now tend to vote for Democrats. And increasingly, there are more highly educated people in urban areas, where as in the 1970s, rural and urban areas were barely different in their percentages of college grads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>Is an urban\/rural political divide inherently bad?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It should not be\u2014but we think it\u2019s leading to more tribalism, and damage to democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>How so?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the middle of the 20th century, people tended to have all sorts of what we call \u201ccross-cutting affiliations\u201d; there might be both Democrats and Republicans in your neighborhood, your workplace, your church, or the organizations you belong to. That strengthened the social and political fabric\u2014people had a sense that we&#8217;re all in this together; we&#8217;re all citizens of this country with a common project, even if we differ on policy issues. But increasingly, Americans have been sorting out into groups where we affiliate only with people of the same party, and that&#8217;s really problematic. In the rural\/urban divide, those difficulties are compounded by a spatial divide between where people are physically living. It can create a sense of \u201cus\u201d versus \u201cthem\u201d\u2014of intense animosity toward those in the other party\u2014and that\u2019s very detrimental to democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Increasingly, Americans have been sorting out into groups where we affiliate only with people of the same party, and that&#8217;s really problematic.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>Does this divide impact political power?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>American political institutions have always given extra leverage to people in less populated areas. They do that through the structure of the U.S. Senate, and the Electoral College for presidential voting. Also\u2014and a lot of people are unaware of this\u2014in voting for members of Congress and state legislatures, the fact that each district is represented by a single member gives a bias to rural areas, because if one party is concentrated in urban areas and the other has people widely distributed across lots of other districts, the latter group will benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"rkv-gutter-bottom-quarter\"><strong>Hasn\u2019t that always been the case?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, but what&#8217;s unique in the contemporary period is that one party is dominating rural areas\u2014which allows it to have more power than it would otherwise, exploiting all of these institutional biases. And that&#8217;s problematic for democracy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Top image: Illustration by Cornell University<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Published January 27, 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A team led by government professor Suzanne Mettler, PhD \u201994, seeks to understand the factors at play in this red-blue divide<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":5376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"alumni_hub_syml_posts":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[225],"tags":[],"cornell_year_post":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-5371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ask-the-expert"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Exploring the Widening Chasm Between Urban and Rural Voters - 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