{"id":47198,"date":"2025-02-10T09:20:28","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T14:20:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=47198"},"modified":"2025-02-17T15:33:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T20:33:52","slug":"earle-cuba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/earle-cuba\/","title":{"rendered":"A CAU Trip Sparks a Look Back at Cornell\u2019s Ties to Cuba"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Among the many connections: national hero Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed was an ardent admirer of the University and its founding principles<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Corey Ryan Earle \u201907<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

In January 2025, I led 17 alumni and friends on a one-week study tour to Cuba sponsored by Cornell\u2019s Adult University<\/a>. We were immersed in the culture, history, and art of the island nation, with local guides and lecturers enriching the experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a firm believer that \u201cCornell is everywhere,\u201d I had a chance to explore how our alma mater was linked to a country that has a complicated relationship with the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cornell was a global university<\/a> from the very start, with international faculty and students on opening day in 1868. <\/p>\n<\/div>

\"An<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

And Cubans were among some of the earliest alumni: Francisco de Paula Rodr\u00edguez y Vald\u00e9s 1878 is believed to be the University\u2019s first Black graduate and first North American Latino alum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arriving at Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed International Airport in Havana, our group began to sense Mart\u00ed\u2019s impact as a Cuban national hero. We encountered his name and image in statues, artwork, and public squares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Francisco
Rare and Manuscript Collections<\/figcaption>
Francisco de Paula Rodr\u00edguez y Vald\u00e9s 1878.<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n

The U.S. equivalent might be Thomas Jefferson\u2014given Mart\u00ed\u2019s role as an influential writer, philosopher, and key leader of the Cuban Independence movement of the 1890s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A symbol of liberty, Mart\u00ed became a martyr after his death in 1895 during the Cuban fight for independence from Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mart\u00ed had written extensively about \u201cla Universidad de Cornell\u201d while living in NYC in the 1880s. Fascinated by U.S. higher education, he sent his observations to Central American newspapers, praising Cornell\u2019s founding values and emphasis on a practical education.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In an 1885 letter to an Argentinian paper, he noted (in Spanish) that American university presidents \u201chave decided to abandon the untimely program of the old university education and to put their schools in such a way as the beneficent Ezra Cornell wanted, that each one could follow the line of studies to which he felt most fond.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ezra, he wrote, had \u201cfounded an institution where modern Americans can be educated in the new knowledge necessary to fight productively for life in the modern era.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A few months later, Mart\u00ed wrote, \u201cYale and Harvard are old, Vassar is rich, Cornell is useful.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Yale and Harvard are old, Vassar is rich, Cornell is useful.<\/p>\nCuban independence leader Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed<\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

He continued: \u201cCornell, in Ithaca, is a modern university. It is a magnificent university. Hispanic American children should be sent \u2026 to Cornell University, founded on knowledge of the needs of modern life, without disdain for the good of the ancient; to Cornell University, where they acquire the universal elements of new life in interesting and productive work.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He also included a lengthy description of Cornell in an 1889 letter to a Uruguayan paper, just three years before he founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Mart\u00ed was struck by the breadth of academic disciplines\u2014poetically restating Cornell\u2019s motto by describing the University as a place \u201cwhere anyone who wants can learn everything man knows, from sowing corn to measuring stars.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mart\u00ed observed the diversity of the coeducational student body, \u201cthe most noble and energetic of the country\u201d from all walks of life, rich and poor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He also noted the University farm and its mandatory military drill\u2014a prescient statement given his role in the impending Cuban war for independence.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"Jos\u00e9
Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBy condition of the State, anyone who carries a book learns to load a rifle,\u201d he wrote. \u201cBecause the only way to defeat imperialism in the older people, and militarism in the younger ones, is to all be soldiers.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Numerous Cornellians played a role in that conflict, both before and after the U.S. declared war on Spain in 1898.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Numerous Cornellians played a role in the Cuban fight for independence, both before and after the U.S. declared war on Spain in 1898.
<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Winchester Osgood 1892 won championships in rowing, football, and wrestling before volunteering to join Cuban forces in their fight against Spain. He died in combat in 1896.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the U.S. entered the conflict two years later, approximately 165 Cornellians served in uniform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clifton Beckwith Brown 1900 interrupted his education to enlist and, in 1898, became the first Cornellian to die in U.S. military service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"Winchester<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Clifton<\/figure>\n
Winchester Osgood 1892 (left) and Clifton Beckwith Brown 1900.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(One year later, New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt visited Ithaca to honor Brown by planting two Norway spruce trees outside the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity house. One still stands today.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several Cornellians were present with Roosevelt at the Battle of San Juan Hill\u2014including future U.S. Open tennis champion William Larned 1894 and Webb Hayes 1876. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clifton Beckwith Brown 1900 interrupted his education to enlist in the Spanish American War\u2014and, in 1898, became the first Cornellian to die in U.S. military service.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The son of President Rutherford B. Hayes, he was the first Cornellian to receive the Medal of Honor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A key Cuban military leader in the war was also an alum: General Mario Garc\u00eda Menocal 1888, whose mausoleum our tour group visited at La Necr\u00f3polis de Crist\u00f3bal Col\u00f3n in Havana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"President<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"The<\/figure>\n
Mario Garc\u00eda Menocal 1888 (left) and his final resting place in Havana.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The very first issue of the Cornell Alumni News<\/em> in 1899 noted Menocal\u2019s appointment as that city\u2019s police chief, calling him \u201cthe coming man of Cuba.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After developing the world\u2019s largest sugar plantation, Menocal was elected Cuba\u2019s third president in 1912\u2014becoming the first Cornellian head of state. He would serve two terms (and attempt an unsuccessful rebellion in 1931).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other notable Cuban Cornellians include Ignacio \u201cLou\u201d Molinet 1927, BME 1929, whose NFL contract is in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, recognizing his status as the league\u2019s first Latino player.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>
\n

His older brother, Cornell Hall of Famer Joaquin Molinet 1921<\/a>, hosted the Big Red basketball team\u2014on which his son was a player\u2014for three games in Cuba in 1941.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And Francisco \u201cFrank\u201d Llopis \u201940 was a music pioneer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

He and his brother founded Los Llopis<\/a>\u2014introducing Spanish-language American rock to Cuba and Spain in the 1950s and 1960s.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

An expert on Big Red lore,\u00a0<\/em>Corey Ryan Earle \u201907<\/em><\/a>\u00a0teaches \u201cThe First American University,\u201d a wildly popular spring semester course on Cornell history.<\/em>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top: The CAU travel group in Havana. The author is at center, holding the Cornell banner and wearing a red cap.<\/em> (All images provided, unless otherwise indicated.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published February 10, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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