{"id":44794,"date":"2024-12-05T16:05:36","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T21:05:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=44794"},"modified":"2025-02-17T15:35:19","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T20:35:19","slug":"earle-oz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/earle-oz\/","title":{"rendered":"Off to See the Wizard: Cornell\u2019s Links to an Iconic Book and Film"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

From its feminist influences to an alum in a key role, there\u2019s a bit of the Big Red behind the Emerald City

<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Corey Ryan Earle \u201907<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

With the movie musical Wicked<\/em> lighting up the box office, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz<\/em> is once again in the zeitgeist. Published in 1900, L. Frank Baum\u2019s children\u2019s book has had numerous stage and film adaptations, most famously the 1939 classic starring Judy Garland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And, as with most things, it might not have happened without a few Cornellians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Ithaca campus opened in October 1868 with a commitment to educating \u201cany person,\u201d making it the first major coed university in the eastern U.S. <\/p>\n<\/div>

\"An<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And leaders in the women\u2019s rights movement paid close attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Susan B. Anthony spoke on women\u2019s education in Ithaca in March 1869. Elizabeth Cady Stanton sent two sons to study on the Hill. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And Matilda Joslyn Gage<\/a>, another co-founder of the National Woman\u2019s Suffrage Association, enrolled her son in the University\u2019s first entering class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Matilda
Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>
Matilda Joslyn Gage.<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gage is perhaps less known today than Anthony or Stanton, due in part to her more radical activism, expanding beyond women\u2019s suffrage to issues like Indigenous rights and the dangers of conservative religious dogma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a book, Gage criticized witch hunts and trials as methods of oppressing women\u2014and, being the mother-in-law of the book’s author, she likely influenced how he portrayed its witches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact, some historians believe that Glinda and Elphaba (as the future Witch of the West is known in Wicked<\/em>) represent parts of her personality.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The connection traces its roots to when one of Gage\u2019s daughters, Maud Gage 1884, enrolled at Cornell\u2014and shared a room in Sage Hall with another Upstate New Yorker, Josephine Baum 1883.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In December 1881, Maud attended a Christmas party in Syracuse where she was introduced to L. Frank Baum, Josie\u2019s cousin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maud and Frank were married the following November, and the new bride dropped out of Cornell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long struggling to find a professional footing, Frank eventually brought his family to the western frontier of Aberdeen in present-day South Dakota, where Maud\u2019s brother, Thomas Clarkson Gage 1872, lived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thomas and his wife welcomed a daughter, Dorothy, in 1898, but she died just five months later. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Baums and Gages had by then relocated to Illinois, and Maud\u2014the baby’s aunt\u2014was distraught at the loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frank likely immortalized the infant in the novel he was writing, with little Dorothy Gage, daughter of a Cornellian, becoming Dorothy Gale. <\/p>\n<\/div>

\"Maud
Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>
Maud Gage Baum 1884.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Others argue that Dorothy was simply a popular name in that era.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz<\/em> would become the best-selling children\u2019s book for two years and inspire dozens of sequels and adaptations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of Frank and Maud\u2019s four children, two would follow their mother in matriculating at Cornell.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"The
Provided<\/figcaption>
The first edition of Baum’s classic tale.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Their second son, Robert Stanton Baum 1910, earned a degree in mechanical engineering on the Hill, while their eldest, Frank Joslyn Baum, briefly attended the Law School.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More saliently, Frank Joslyn continued his father\u2019s legacy by writing several stories set in Oz and serving as the first president of the International Wizard of Oz Club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of Frank and Maud\u2019s four children, two would follow their mother in matriculating at Cornell.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

He also sold the books\u2019 movie rights, leading to the acclaimed 1939 film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A stage musical of The Wizard of Oz<\/em> premiered in 1902; the touring production made its way to Ithaca in October of that year, with the Sun<\/em> calling it \u201cmagnificent.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cornell\u2019s Women\u2019s Dramatic Club staged its own version in Barnes Hall in 1921.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Frank
Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>
The wizard himself: Actor Frank Morgan 1912.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

The 1939 movie musical\u2014which is ranked sixth on the American Film Institute\u2019s list of the top 100 films<\/a> of all time\u2014features a performance by Frank Morgan 1912 in the title role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morgan had completed one year at Cornell under the name Frank Wuppermann, including singing in the Glee Club, before pursuing a Hollywood career.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The
Provided<\/figcaption>
The novel puts Maud at center stage.<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n

Although Frank Baum had passed away decades earlier, his widow played a key role in helping promote the movie and continue her late husband\u2019s legacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maud herself would even become the heroine of a novel: 2019\u2019s Finding Dorothy<\/a><\/em>, which imagines her experiences on the set of the classic film in her 70s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some have suggested that Oz\u2019s yellow brick road was inspired by streets in Ithaca, although Baum\u2019s descendants believe that it was influenced by roads where the family vacationed in Michigan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Regardless, yellow bricks were not particularly uncommon, so Ithaca\u2019s claim is tenuous.)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But there\u2019s no denying that the Hill has hosted the actual crystal ball used in the film: the famed prop is owned by two alums, who lent it for display in Kroch Library<\/a> in 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cornell astronomer Frank Drake \u201951, BEP \u201952, took inspiration from Oz when he founded Project Ozma<\/a> in 1960 to search for extraterrestrial intelligence through radio waves, naming the program after the princess in Baum\u2019s books.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Scenes
Lindsay France \/ Cornell University<\/figcaption>
The crystal ball on display on campus, with images from the film\u2014including Morgan (at left) as one of the several characters he portrayed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Drake\u2019s justification was that Oz was \u201ca land far away, difficult to reach, and populated by strange and exotic beings\u201d\u2014much like the distant worlds he hoped to discover.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An expert on Big Red lore,\u00a0<\/em>Corey Ryan Earle \u201907<\/em><\/a>\u00a0teaches \u201cThe First American University,\u201d a wildly popular spring semester course on Cornell history.<\/em>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top: An all-female production of a <\/em>Wizard of Oz musical, performed by first-years in 1921. (Rare and Manuscript Collections)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published December 5, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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