{"id":3853,"date":"2021-11-10T13:46:43","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T17:46:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=3853"},"modified":"2022-04-06T14:57:38","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T19:57:38","slug":"status-games","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/status-games\/","title":{"rendered":"The Roots of \u2018Status Games\u2019\u2014and Why Your Brain Is Stuck in High School"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In her latest self-help book, Loretta Graziano Breuning \u201975 explores how your \u2018inner mammal\u2019 impacts mental and emotional well-being<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Beth Saulnier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
Breuning shares her insights on evolutionary psychology via books, a podcast, and a newsletter. (Photo provided)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n

Loretta Graziano Breuning \u201975 is an alumna of the ILR School, and she holds a doctorate in international trade from Tufts. But these days, her passion lies in a different field: evolutionary psychology. An autodidact on the subject, Breuning took early retirement from academia\u2014she\u2019s a professor emerita of management at California State University, East Bay\u2014to devote herself to understanding how the chemical workings of the mammalian brain impact our mental and emotional well-being.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Breuning was inspired, in large part, by observing animal behavior in nature videos produced and narrated by the legendary David Attenborough, as well as by her volunteer work as a docent at the Oakland Zoo. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In 2010, she founded the <\/em>Inner Mammal Institute<\/em><\/a>, aimed at spreading the word about insights she\u2019s gleaned through years of poring over books and research studies by experts in relevant fields. After authoring a <\/em>blog on the <\/em>Psychology Today website<\/em><\/a> for a decade, Breuning now pens a <\/em>weekly newsletter on Substack<\/em><\/a> and hosts the \u201c<\/em>Happy Brain Podcast<\/em><\/a>.\u201d She\u2019s the author of several self-help books, including <\/em>Habits of a Happy Brain and<\/em> The Science of Positivity (both published by Simon & Schuster), and has been featured in national media including the <\/em>Wall Street Journal, <\/em>Forbes, the <\/em>Huffington Post, and NPR.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In September, Rowman & Littlefield published her latest book, <\/em>Status Games: Why We Play and How to Stop<\/a>, on the neurochemical basis of social competition<\/em>. \u201cIn this engrossing, matter-of-fact examination of the human being as a social animal, Breuning details the biological origins of the innate need for status,\u201d <\/em>Publishers Weekly says in a review, adding that her \u201cwinning combination of simple advice for small changes and accessible science-based assessments make this a standout.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s our \u201cinner mammal\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The limbic system, which is the brain structures we\u2019ve inherited from earlier mammals\u2014the amygdala, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, et cetera. They control the chemicals that make us feel good or bad; the inner mammal is the impulse to turn on good feelings and manage bad ones. We all have the illusion that our verbal brain\u2014certain parts of our cortex\u2014controls our emotions, yet we constantly fail in our efforts to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What role do \u201cstatus games\u201d play in the mammalian brain?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When I see you, I instantly make a comparison\u2014\u201cAre you stronger or weaker than me?\u201d\u2014and I respond neurochemically. If you\u2019re stronger, I release cortisol, which is known as the \u201cstress\u201d chemical; that tells me to pull back and allow you to prevail. If I\u2019m stronger, serotonin\u2014a \u201chappy\u201d chemical\u2014is released, and it tells me I can relax. Serotonin feels good\u2014that\u2019s its job\u2014but it\u2019s quickly metabolized, so you only feel it for a moment. That\u2019s why you\u2019re always seeking it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In your book, you talk about \u201cone-up\u201d and \u201cone-down\u201d episodes. What does that mean?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In every mammalian species, there are simple gestures recognized as part of the dominance-submission ritual, such as an erect posture and direct stare versus lowering the head and casting the eyes downward. This ritual may take place in an instant; after that, the animals can be buddies, play, share, cooperate. We see it in dogs, in monkeys. But for humans in the modern world, there are many ways to determine dominance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We all have the illusion that our verbal brain\u2014certain parts of our cortex\u2014controls our emotions, yet we constantly fail in our efforts to do so.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Obviously, you\u2019re not talking about continual road-rage incidents between people; how might these interactions play out more subtly in our daily lives?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I have a fabulous example. Whenever a certain friend and I see each other, she says, \u201cWow, your hair is so thick!\u201d\u2014because her hair is thinning. And I\u2019m thinking, \u201cWow, her waist is so thin!\u201d\u2014because mine is thick. Each of us is aware of our own perceived weakness, and we see the other\u2019s strength. You do this with everyone you interact with, throughout the day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of your chapters is titled \u201cWhy It\u2019s Always High School in Your Brain.\u201d So why is it?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We\u2019re born with billions of neurons, but almost no connections between them; the ones we build make us who we are. The limbic system is wired by early experience, and it\u2019s mostly complete by the end of puberty. So the emotional responses of your youth come naturally\u2014like speaking your native language as opposed to a new one. Whatever social comparisons you were making in high school, you\u2019re likely to be still making today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/figure>
\n

Many people wouldn\u2019t relish being stuck in their high school brains. How can we break out?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, by being aware that it\u2019s not your objective reality; it\u2019s just a neural pathway that\u2019s efficient and well-developed. And as I write in my book, you can enjoy serotonin in healthy ways. You can steer a middle path between too much pride and too little; you can put yourself \u201cup\u201d without putting others down. It helps to understand how you\u2019re triggering your own ups and downs. You trigger cortisol when you put yourself down by assuming that others are putting you down, and you trigger serotonin when you\u2019re addicted to putting yourself up in a way that might be harmful. For example, a person could be a workaholic; they can\u2019t stop, because work makes them feel superior.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

You\u2019ve called moral superiority \u201cthe status game of our time.\u201d<\/strong> Are you referring, for instance, to things like public shaming on social media?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exactly. That is acting on the mammalian urge for social dominance\u2014but in a way that says, \u201cI\u2019m doing this for the greater good.\u201d There\u2019s another aspect, too, which involves a different \u201chappy\u201d chemical\u2014oxytocin\u2014connected to the mammalian urge for bonding. As humans, when we decide that someone is our common enemy, we feel that great sense of an alliance that stimulates our oxytocin\u2014and when we prevail over them, we also have dominance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You also note that status games ultimately have no winner.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I use the example of an actor who thinks, \u201cI\u2019ll be happy forever, if only I get a part.\u201d And once they do, they\u2019re not happy because they want a lead role. And once they get a lead, they\u2019re not happy because they don\u2019t have an award. And once they get an award, they\u2019re not happy because they worry that young up-and-comers will take their position, and they\u2019ll be seen as a has-been. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What do you hope that readers will take away from the book?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To take responsibility for their own social comparisons, rather than projecting them onto society, their rivals, or whomever they view as the bad guys. I want them to feel, \u201cI have power over these emotions, because I\u2019m creating them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published November 10, 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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