{"id":32930,"date":"2024-03-14T09:43:21","date_gmt":"2024-03-14T13:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=32930"},"modified":"2024-03-14T09:43:22","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T13:43:22","slug":"anna-comstock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/anna-comstock\/","title":{"rendered":"Remembering Anna Comstock, Cornell\u2019s First Female Professor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

One of three dozen women in her class, she went on to become a leading naturalist\u2014and the namesake of two East Hill buildings<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Beth Saulnier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When pioneering naturalist Anna Botsford Comstock 1885 matriculated as an undergrad on the Hill in 1874, it was as one of 37 female students\u2014in a class that had 484 men. With the Sage Hall women\u2019s residence not yet completed, they lived off campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe cold-shouldering of the females by the males existed from the first,\u201d Morris Bishop 1914, PhD 1926, admits in a discussion of early coeducation in A History of Cornell<\/em>\u2014later going on to praise Comstock as \u201ca very intelligent person, original, decided, and humorous.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comstock would eventually become Cornell\u2019s first female professor, a leading scientific illustrator, and an early advocate of nature education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
The Comstocks’ portrait hangs in their namesake hall. (Provided)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Half of a now-legendary Cornellian couple, she has not one but two Big Red buildings named in her honor: a North Campus residence that houses the Latino Living Center, and Comstock Hall (named for her and her husband, famed entomologist John Henry Comstock 1874), home to several sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNature study cultivates in the child a love of the beautiful; it brings to him early a perception of color, form, and music,\u201d Anna writes in the intro to her pioneering book on the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Nature study cultivates in the child a love of the beautiful; it brings to him early a perception of color, form, and music.<\/p>\nfrom Handbook of Nature Study<\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHe sees whatever there is in his environment, whether it be the thunder-head piled up in the western sky or the golden flash of the oriole in the elm; whether it be the purple of the shadows on the snow, or the azure glint on the wing of the little butterfly. \u2026 But, more than all, nature study gives the child a sense of companionship with life out of doors and an abiding love of nature.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Anna
Anna Botsford at age 18. <\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n

Born in a small town in Western New York, Anna Botsford grew up on the family farm, with parents who supported her love of learning; aiming for a university education, she did college prep work at a nearby women\u2019s school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAn outstanding student,\u201d notes her entry in The 100 Most Notable Cornellians<\/em>, \u201cAnna delivered the salutatorian address to her class in Latin, as was customary.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Anna stopped her undergrad studies after two years\u2014moving home after breaking off an engagement to a classmate\u2014she returned to the Hill in 1878.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

She came back not as a student, but as the new wife of John Henry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Six years her senior, he had taught a course she\u2019d taken in zoology, and the two became close friends before their relationship turned romantic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe Comstock partnership, in science and life, vindicated Andrew D. White\u2019s judgment of college attachments and their results,\u201d Bishop notes\u2014referring to the founding president\u2019s belief that for young people, studying together was a far better way to find a compatible mate than conventional courtship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
Anna is the second woman from the right in this gathering in the 1890s, possibly in Sage Hall. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Anna eventually completed a BS in natural history and\u2014having a lifelong talent for painting and drawing\u2014became a skilled illustrator of insects and plants, initially to help her husband with his lectures and publications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her career as a nature educator began in earnest in the 1890s, when she joined a New York State committee aimed at encouraging rural youth to stay on their family farms by teaching them to appreciate the wonders of the natural world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe state legislature appropriated funds for Cornell\u2019s College of Agriculture to implement a pilot project,\u201d says Notable Cornellians<\/em>. \u201cLiberty Hyde Bailey, Cornell\u2019s distinguished horticulturalist, was named head of the \u2018nature study\u2019 movement, but Anna Comstock did much of the work.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A
An artwork inscribed from one Big Red pioneer to another. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

She became the University\u2019s first female assistant professor in 1899, though she held the title only briefly before some higher-ups reportedly objected, and she returned to instructor status (while retaining the increased salary).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Retiring from full-time teaching in 1920, Anna went on to accrue numerous accolades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They include an honorary doctorate from Hobart College, inclusion on the League of Women Voters\u2019 1923 list of America\u2019s dozen most outstanding women, and posthumous induction into the National Wildlife Federation\u2019s Conservation Hall of Fame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Anna passed away in 1930 at age 75; John Henry, severely debilitated by a series of strokes, followed just half a year later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1953, a division of Cornell University Press (CUP) published The Comstocks of Cornell<\/em><\/a>\u2014<\/em>partly based on her memoirs, but heavily edited by an heir who de-emphasized events and characters he considered irrelevant, removed any hint of controversy, and shifted the focus toward John Henry\u2019s accomplishments.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"Anna
Anna (back row right) with nature study students. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It wasn\u2019t until 2020 that CUP published a new version<\/a> restoring Anna\u2019s original voice, crafted by Karen Penders St. Clair, PhD \u201917, as her doctoral thesis in horticulture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cShe was sassy. She was a romantic. She had a fantastic vocabulary. She was opinionated,\u201d St. Clair observed when the volume was published. \u201cAnd you wouldn\u2019t know any of that from reading the 1953 book.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1911, two years before Anna finally regained a professorial title, she published her landmark Handbook of Nature Study<\/em><\/a>. Released by the couple\u2019s own company (now part of CUP), which they\u2019d established to publish John Henry\u2019s textbooks, it became a surprise hit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"The<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"John<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"The<\/figure>\n
The current edition (one of many released over the decades) of Anna’s most famous book; the couple in their Cornell Heights garden; and the updated version of her memoir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

The volume, running to nearly 900 pages, is still in print.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOut-of-door life takes the child afield and keeps him in the open air, which not only helps him physically and occupies his mind with sane subjects, but keeps him out of mischief,\u201d she writes. \u201cIt is not only during childhood that this is true, for love of nature counts much for sanity in later life.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top: Illustration by Seung Yeon Kim \/ Cornell University. All photos courtesy of Rare and Manuscript Collections, unless indicated; book covers provided. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published March 14, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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