{"id":32080,"date":"2024-02-19T09:08:30","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T14:08:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=32080"},"modified":"2024-02-19T09:08:31","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T14:08:31","slug":"munoz-women-stem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/munoz-women-stem\/","title":{"rendered":"I Want to See Women in STEM\u2014So I Wrote a Book About It"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">I\u2019m thrilled that many more female students are enrolled in the sciences\u2014but there\u2019s more work to be done<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By <strong>Lisa Pinsker Munoz \u201900<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">I remember arriving at Cornell in the mid-1990s, thrilled at being part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/scl.cornell.edu\/get-involved\/cornell-commitment\/cornell-tradition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cornell Tradition<\/a> community and eager to dive into my classes in the College of Engineering. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I had no worries about fitting in or whether I could \u201ccut it\u201d; I had been at the top of my class in high school, taking advanced math and science classes, and I was not daunted in knowing that as a woman in engineering, I\u2019d be in the minority in many of my classes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But as I progressed through my intro engineering courses, I struggled. I also did not feel as though I belonged, though I was not sure why.<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-774x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"Lisa Munoz\" class=\"wp-image-32150 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-774x1024.jpeg 774w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-227x300.jpeg 227w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-768x1016.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-1161x1536.jpeg 1161w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-1548x2048.jpeg 1548w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-1194x1580.jpeg 1194w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-597x790.jpeg 597w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-299x395.jpeg 299w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-378x500.jpeg 378w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-189x250.jpeg 189w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-94x125.jpeg 94w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_Headshot2023-_credit-Courtesy-of-Lisa-M.-P.-Munoz-A-scaled.jpeg 1935w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I was able to make it through those classes with decent marks but ultimately decided I did not want to be an engineer after all. Luckily, Cornell\u2019s broad offerings enabled me to stay within engineering but pivot to an interdisciplinary earth science program while specializing in science writing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If I could go back in time, I would not change a thing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But fast forward nearly 30 years to when I returned to campus this past fall, and I have a new perspective on my experience and those of other women in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"819\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-819x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Lisa Munoz as a freshman\" class=\"wp-image-32154 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-819x1024.jpg 819w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-768x960.jpg 768w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-1264x1580.jpg 1264w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-632x790.jpg 632w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-316x395.jpg 316w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-280x350.jpg 280w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-140x175.jpg 140w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-70x87.jpg 70w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-400x500.jpg 400w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-200x250.jpg 200w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A-100x125.jpg 100w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/Munoz_CornellFreshman_1996-A.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 819px) 100vw, 819px\" \/><figcaption>As a freshman in 1996.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Not only has the Engineering college reached gender parity in terms of numbers since I was a student, but the conversations have shifted\u2014mirroring broader trends I observed in writing a <a href=\"https:\/\/cup.columbia.edu\/book\/women-in-science-now\/9780231206143\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent book<\/a> on gender equity in STEM fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The central question has become: how do institutions and workplaces create a community of belonging for everyone in the sciences?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, the numbers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When I entered as a freshman, about 25% of my cohort were women.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that figure has climbed to about 50%, with the Class of 2022 marking when the Engineering college became the first of its size and stature to enroll equal numbers of undergraduate women and men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This fantastic achievement came, in part, from dedicated work to help spark interest in engineering among young women, as well as to create peer mentorship and support once on campus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When I visited Cornell in November to speak about my book, I could see that change through the robust peer mentoring groups on campus, including the Society of Women Engineers (of which I was a member as an undergrad), Graduate and Professional Women\u2019s Network, Graduate Women in Science, and Women in Science and Engineering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>When I entered as a freshman, about 25% of my cohort were women; now, that figure has climbed to about 50%.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>These groups connect women with each other to build mentorship networks while also providing broader resources and opportunities in STEM fields. They also provide safe spaces where members can share their stories and gain insights from one another\u2014an empowering experience for many that I saw firsthand at a dinner, hosted by the Graduate School, with representatives from several of these groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seeing the broad swath of individuals engaging in discussion about their work and pathways was inspiring, though the event drove home a clear message from my book: there is still a lot of work to be done to remove the remaining hurdles for gender equity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Throughout discussions I have had on various college campuses since my book came out, a few clear themes have emerged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, women and others from groups underrepresented in the sciences have expressed frustration with having to explain to individuals in their labs that equity is still a challenge, perceiving that inequities are no longer an issue given the greater parity in numbers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet numerous social science studies show persistent hurdles in women\u2019s advancement at various phases of their careers\u2014stemming from inadequate mentorship structures, implicit bias, inflexible work environments, and sexual harassment.<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/12\/women-in-science-now-A.jpg\" alt=\"The cover of &quot;Women in Science Now&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-30341 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/12\/women-in-science-now-A.jpg 500w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/12\/women-in-science-now-A-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/12\/women-in-science-now-A-263x395.jpg 263w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/12\/women-in-science-now-A-333x500.jpg 333w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/12\/women-in-science-now-A-167x250.jpg 167w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/12\/women-in-science-now-A-83x125.jpg 83w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My advice to those up against naysayers is to arm themselves with data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One example is lab space allotment for female scientists compared to their male counterparts. In response to individual observations, an institution might say that having less space is a fluke, or due to when the researchers started working there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scripps Institution of Oceanography collected the data, however, and found that (as reported in <em>Science<\/em> magazine) \u201c56 women scientists have on average half as much research space and one-third the storage space of their 157 male counterparts.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Numerous social science studies show persistent hurdles in women\u2019s advancement at various phases of their careers.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The findings could not be explained by number of years at the institution, funding levels, discipline, or group size\u2014revealing that implicit gender bias could be at work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another common concern I encountered among students was the lack of female leaders at high levels of academia and industry. Countering this trend will require concerted efforts to mitigate against bias and to create environments based on principles of fairness, well-being, and accountability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Examples abound where such principles, rooted in social science research, have led to greater retention of women and other underrepresented individuals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Lisa Munoz at the Cornell store\" class=\"wp-image-32153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-608x342.jpg 608w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-304x171.jpg 304w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-152x85.jpg 152w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-1184x666.jpg 1184w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-592x333.jpg 592w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-296x166.jpg 296w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-1264x711.jpg 1264w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-632x356.jpg 632w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-316x178.jpg 316w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-200x113.jpg 200w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A-100x56.jpg 100w, https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/02\/CornellStore_Munoz_Nov23-A.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">At a book signing at the Cornell Store.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of this work starts at the beginning\u2014that first big college lecture\u2014and in ways professors can signal to their students that they belong there and can succeed. Those seemingly small signals add up to giant gains in talent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From my time as an undergraduate to a working professional, I see how the scientific enterprise has evolved to increasingly realize the value of providing an environment that focuses on growing talent rather than weeding it out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Guided by evidence-based research and driven to continue telling the stories of women in science, I am excited to help grow and elevate the next generation of innovators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Lisa Pinsker Munoz \u201900<\/em><\/strong><em> is the author of <\/em>Women in Science Now: Stories and Strategies for Achieving Equity<em>, published by Columbia University Press. She is a <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/lisampmunoz.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>science writer<\/em><\/a><em> and the founder and president of SciComm Services, a consulting firm in the Washington, DC, area.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(All images provided.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Published February 19, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I\u2019m thrilled that many more female students are enrolled in the sciences\u2014but there\u2019s more work to be done<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":32151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"alumni_hub_syml_posts":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"cornell_year_post":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-32080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-perspectives"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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