{"id":15891,"date":"2023-01-27T04:48:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T09:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/?p=15891"},"modified":"2023-01-27T11:33:56","modified_gmt":"2023-01-27T16:33:56","slug":"winter-pet-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alumni.cornell.edu\/cornellians\/winter-pet-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Puppy, It\u2019s Cold Outside! How Can You Keep Your Pets Safe in Winter?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A Big Red veterinarian offers tips for protecting dogs (and cats!) from snow, chills, toxins, and more<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Beth Saulnier<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

With the mercury dropping and blizzards making headlines, <\/em>Cornellians tapped <\/em>Dr. Aly Cohen<\/em><\/a> for advice on keeping our furry friends safe from the elements. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An extension veterinarian for CVM\u2019s <\/em>Riney Canine Health Center<\/em><\/a>, Cohen is also a clinical instructor for Cornell\u2019s <\/em>Maddie\u2019s Shelter Medicine Program<\/em><\/a> and the contract vet for the Ross Park Zoo in Binghamton. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

And she\u2019s the proud mom of Mishka, a Pomeranian who\u2014as a photo below attests\u2014looks particularly fabulous in a winter ensemble.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>

\"Dr.<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

How big an issue is pet safety in the winter?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It depends on your climate. But in many places, every year there comes that unexpected cold snap, and your dog is not used to it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

So make sure you\u2019re adjusting their lifestyle and watching their behaviors during extreme cold or sudden snowstorms\u2014especially if your animals are susceptible to the cold. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>
\n

In general, small breeds have a harder time keeping warm than large breeds. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A subset of that is if they have a short or thin coat, and also if they\u2019re very young or old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why would a puppy be more susceptible to the cold?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

They have very little fat stores, and they aren\u2019t able to regulate their body temperature. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Think of the classic image of a litter of puppies all piled on top of each other; they\u2019re using each other to maintain their warmth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In the cold, they\u2019re not able to keep warm for long, and are at the highest risk of hypothermia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why are older animals also at risk?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geriatrics are similar in that their metabolism is not as able to maintain warmth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A lot of older dogs have fewer fat stores, and they may have underlying conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, or heart disease. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n
\n
\"A<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Also, many have arthritis, which can get aggravated in the cold, and their mobility is diminished walking on uneven surfaces or on ice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

That\u2019s when we see a lot of soft-tissue injuries; picture a big Lab with arthritis fumbling outside, trying to get around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

You mentioned small dogs. Why are they more likely to suffer from the cold?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s an issue of body surface ratio; they lose heat a lot more quickly than the larger breeds, and they\u2019re not as able to catch up if they do get cold. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Also, because they\u2019re closer to the ground, they often get wet quickly\u2014so in choosing a coat for them, look for one that has coverage over the belly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And if you do get a foot of snow, it\u2019s good to shovel out an area in the yard for them to use.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"A<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\n\t

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Speaking of coats: how do you know if your dog needs one?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I have a very furry Pomeranian, and my cutoff is that if it\u2019s around 40 degrees, she\u2019s getting the coat; even if it\u2019s warmer, I\u2019ll put it on her if it\u2019s snowing or wet outside. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Again, it depends on your individual dog\u2019s cold tolerance. If yours is short-coated or very young or old, they might need a coat sooner. But if they\u2019re a large-breed, double-coated dog, they might not need it until 32 or below.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"A<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

What are some physical indications that an animal is too cold?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shivering is number one, and reluctance to walk. If you\u2019re on a walk and they\u2019re stonewalling and don\u2019t want to move, that\u2019s a sign they want to go inside. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

They\u2019ll sometimes pick up individual feet and kick them out because the ground is too cold. Some will do a tail-tucking behavior or hunch over. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

If they\u2019re out in the yard, you might hear them whining, barking, or showing anxious behavior that\u2019s out of character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Should dogs be fed more in the winter, so they have extra energy to stay warm?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you have a really active dog that\u2019s constantly outside, their caloric requirements will go up. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

But is that most pets? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No; most of them want to be on the couch. But people still have the impression that dogs need to be at a \u201cwinter weight.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"A<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

And that\u2019s the worst thing that you can do, because we have such an epidemic of obese pets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What about taking care of paws?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you\u2019re in an area where they salt the roads or use any kind of deicers, watch carefully for any cracks or cuts on the paw pads; cracked toenails are another big one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>
\n

The fur between the pads is a spot where you get snow accumulation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sometimes it\u2019s pretty uncomfortable, because it\u2019ll wedge the toes apart, and the animal might not put weight on it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are different balms you can use to prevent salt or snow from accumulating. And prevention is always easier than treatment\u2014that\u2019s what we preach.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What about the dangers of antifreeze?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It can be deadly. Those products are usually brightly colored\u2014so if you see brightly colored snow, avoid it at all costs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And if you have any accidental spills around your house, clean it up right away, because pets are super attracted to it; it tastes sweet to them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

We\u2019ve talked a lot about dogs. What about cats?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many of the issues are quite similar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I always encourage keeping cats indoors, but if you have indoor-outdoor cats, realize that they might not be able to keep as warm as they normally would, and watch for signs that they\u2019re getting too cold. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Also, cats are even more susceptible to toxins like antifreeze; a small amount can kill them pretty rapidly.<\/p>\n<\/div>

\"An<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

If you have a really active dog that\u2019s constantly outside, their caloric requirements will go up. But is that most pets? No.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Some people care for stray or feral cats; any advice for them?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Always check car engines, because cats like to hide out where they can find shelter or warmth; if you park your car on the street, make quite a bit of noise before you start it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you feed strays, there are many good resources online about appropriate shelter and giving them access to fresh water without it freezing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>
\n

Do you recommend continuing flea and tick control over the winter?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Absolutely. Again, it\u2019s going depend on your climate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But here in the Ithaca area, I\u2019m very strict with it. Recently, I was two days overdue because I\u2019d been out of town. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We went for a walk, and I found a very sluggish tick on my dog\u2014and it was 38 degrees out! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ticks don\u2019t die off in the winter, they go dormant. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

If it\u2019s above 32, they\u2019ll be out seeking meals. And fleas? They\u2019re year-round, because they love living in our homes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top: Illustration by Cornell University.<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

All photos provided; special thanks to Cornell colleagues Alexandra Bond \u201912, Amy Bond, Ted Boscia, Margit Chamberlain-Czebiniak<\/em> \u201911,<\/em> Aly Cohen, Lindsay France, Angie Heiland, and Joe Wilensky for sharing images of their furry friends!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published January 27, 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A Big Red veterinarian offers tips for protecting dogs (and cats!) from snow, chills, toxins, and more<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":68,"featured_media":16191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"alumni_hub_syml_posts":[6487,15310,13858],"footnotes":""},"categories":[225],"tags":[],"cornell_year_post":[],"post_folder":[],"class_list":["post-15891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ask-the-expert"],"yoast_head":"\nPuppy, It\u2019s Cold Outside! 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